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            <div class="post-description">基于Android8.0分析Java虚拟机创建过程</div>
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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>本文基于Android8.0源码</p>
<p>Android8.0使用的java虚拟机为ART，在大名鼎鼎的zygote进程中启动java虚拟机。<br>首先看一下zygote的main函数：</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//app_main.cpp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> argc, <span class="type">char</span>* <span class="type">const</span> argv[])</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//AppRuntime继承自AndroidRuntime, 构造函数中没有什么有用信息，可以不关注</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function">AppRuntime <span class="title">runtime</span><span class="params">(argv[<span class="number">0</span>], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv))</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (zygote) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//调用到AndroidRuntime.start函数启动zygote进程的虚拟机</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//传入的第一个参数是java类ZygoteInit</span></span><br><span class="line">        runtime.<span class="built_in">start</span>(<span class="string">&quot;com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit&quot;</span>, args, zygote);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (className) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        runtime.<span class="built_in">start</span>(<span class="string">&quot;com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit&quot;</span>, args, zygote);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">fprintf</span>(stderr, <span class="string">&quot;Error: no class name or --zygote supplied.\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">app_usage</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL</span>(<span class="string">&quot;app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied.&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>runtime.start会调用父类的AndroidRuntime::start，看一下实现</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//AndroidRuntime.cpp</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">AndroidRuntime::start</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">char</span>* className, <span class="type">const</span> Vector&lt;String8&gt;&amp; options, <span class="type">bool</span> zygote)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ......</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/* start the virtual machine */</span></span><br><span class="line">    JniInvocation jni_invocation;</span><br><span class="line">    jni_invocation.<span class="built_in">Init</span>(<span class="literal">NULL</span>);  <span class="comment">// 1. 加载虚拟机动态库，并加载库函数符号</span></span><br><span class="line">    JNIEnv* env;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">startVm</span>(&amp;mJavaVM, &amp;env, zygote) != <span class="number">0</span>) &#123; <span class="comment">// 2. 启动虚拟机</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">onVmCreated</span>(env);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Register android functions.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">startReg</span>(env) &lt; <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">ALOGE</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Unable to register all android natives\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    ......</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (startClass == <span class="literal">NULL</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">ALOGE</span>(<span class="string">&quot;JavaVM unable to locate class &#x27;%s&#x27;\n&quot;</span>, slashClassName);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">/* keep going */</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//调用com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit的main函数，从此便进入了Java的世界</span></span><br><span class="line">        jmethodID startMeth = env-&gt;<span class="built_in">GetStaticMethodID</span>(startClass, <span class="string">&quot;main&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="string">&quot;([Ljava/lang/String;)V&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (startMeth == <span class="literal">NULL</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">ALOGE</span>(<span class="string">&quot;JavaVM unable to find main() in &#x27;%s&#x27;\n&quot;</span>, className);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">/* keep going */</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            env-&gt;<span class="built_in">CallStaticVoidMethod</span>(startClass, startMeth, strArray);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol>
<li>加载虚拟机动态库，并加载库函数符号</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//JniInvocation.cpp</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">JniInvocation::Init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">char</span>* library)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  ......</span><br><span class="line">  library = <span class="built_in">GetLibrary</span>(library, buffer); <span class="comment">//返回“libart.so” art虚拟机库</span></span><br><span class="line">  ......</span><br><span class="line">  handle_ = <span class="built_in">dlopen</span>(library, kDlopenFlags);  <span class="comment">//动态加载虚拟机so库</span></span><br><span class="line">  ......</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">//下面的三个if语句都是通过dlsym来获取虚拟机so库中的函数符号</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">FindSymbol</span>(<span class="built_in">reinterpret_cast</span>&lt;<span class="type">void</span>**&gt;(&amp;JNI_GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs_),</span><br><span class="line">                  <span class="string">&quot;JNI_GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">//无比重要的函数，获取虚拟机构造函数的函数符号，创建虚拟机全靠JNI_CreateJavaVM</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">FindSymbol</span>(<span class="built_in">reinterpret_cast</span>&lt;<span class="type">void</span>**&gt;(&amp;JNI_CreateJavaVM_),</span><br><span class="line">                  <span class="string">&quot;JNI_CreateJavaVM&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">FindSymbol</span>(<span class="built_in">reinterpret_cast</span>&lt;<span class="type">void</span>**&gt;(&amp;JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs_),</span><br><span class="line">                  <span class="string">&quot;JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">jint <span class="title">JniInvocation::JNI_CreateJavaVM</span><span class="params">(JavaVM** p_vm, JNIEnv** p_env, <span class="type">void</span>* vm_args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">JNI_CreateJavaVM_</span>(p_vm, p_env, vm_args);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//该函数就是最终创建虚拟机的函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">extern</span> <span class="string">&quot;C&quot;</span> <span class="function">jint <span class="title">JNI_CreateJavaVM</span><span class="params">(JavaVM** p_vm, JNIEnv** p_env, <span class="type">void</span>* vm_args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> JniInvocation::<span class="built_in">GetJniInvocation</span>().<span class="built_in">JNI_CreateJavaVM</span>(p_vm, p_env, vm_args);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="2">
<li>启动虚拟机</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">AndroidRuntime::startVm</span><span class="params">(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, <span class="type">bool</span> zygote)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ...... <span class="comment">//组装虚拟机启动参数</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Initialize the VM.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * JNI calls.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">JNI_CreateJavaVM</span>(pJavaVM, pEnv, &amp;initArgs) &lt; <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">ALOGE</span>(<span class="string">&quot;JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">-1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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